Secret lies there, where you are afraid.

 

Radiative and Non-radiative transitions


What is the Difference Between Radiative and Non-radiative Transition?

Curious about the difference between radiative and non-radiative transitions? These terms may sound complex, but they’re crucial in understanding how atoms and molecules exchange energy. In simple words, radiative transitions involve the emission or absorption of light, while non-radiative transitions occur without light being emitted or absorbed.

What is the difference between radiative transition and non-radiative transition? In radiative transitions, photons, which are particles of light, play a central role. On the other hand, non-radiative transitions occur without the direct involvement of photons.

Key Areas Covered

1. What is Radiative Transition

      – Definition, Features 

2. What is Non-radiative Transition

      – Definition, Features 

3. Similarities Between Radiative and Non-radiative Transition

      – Outline of Common Features

4. Difference Between Radiative and Non-radiative Transition

      – Comparison of Key Differences

5. FAQ: Radiative and Non-radiative Transition

      – Frequently Asked Questions

Key Terms

Radiative Transition, Non-radiative Transition

What is Radiative Transition

Radiative transitions play a pivotal role in quantum mechanics, specifically in the study of atoms and molecules. These transitions occur when an electron moves between different energy levels, emitting or absorbing a photon in the process. The emitted or absorbed photons carry discrete amounts of energy corresponding to the energy difference between the initial and final states of the electron.

In atoms, radiative transitions are commonly observed in spectroscopy, where the emitted or absorbed light provides valuable information about the electronic structure and energy levels of the atom. The transitions follow specific selection rules dictated by quantum mechanics, determining the allowed pathways for electrons to move between energy levels. These rules govern the angular momentum, parity, and magnetic quantum numbers, restricting the possible transitions and resulting in characteristic spectral lines.

 

From <https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-radiative-and-non-radiative-transition/>

 

 

 

One of the most well-known applications of radiative transitions is seen in the field of laser technology. Lasers operate based on the stimulated emission of radiation, a process that relies on radiative transitions to produce coherent and amplified light. The controlled release of photons during radiative transitions contributes to the monochromatic and directional nature of laser light.

Additionally, radiative transitions are fundamental in astrophysics, helping astronomers decipher the composition and temperature of celestial objects. The analysis of emitted or absorbed radiation allows scientists to identify elements present in stars and galaxies, providing insights into the cosmic processes shaping our universe.

Understanding radiative transitions has broader implications, ranging from medical imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET), to advancements in materials science.

What is Non-radiative Transition

Unlike radiative transitions, which involve the emission or absorption of photons, non-radiative transitions occur without the release or absorption of electromagnetic radiation. These transitions are primarily characterized by changes in the electronic, vibrational, or rotational states of atoms or molecules without the accompanying emission of light. One common mechanism for non-radiative transitions is internal conversion, where electronic energy is rapidly converted into vibrational energy within the same electronic state. This process occurs when an excited electron relaxes to a lower energy state by transferring energy to the surrounding environment, typically through interactions with other nearby molecules.

Additionally, intersystem crossing is another notable non-radiative transition mechanism. In this process, the electron undergoes a transition between different electronic spin states, such as from a singlet to a triplet state or vice versa, without emitting or absorbing photons. This phenomenon is crucial in understanding the behavior of molecules in various chemical and biological processes.

Non-radiative transitions have significant implications in diverse scientific fields, including chemistry, physics, and materials science. In semiconductor physics, for example, understanding non-radiative transitions is essential for optimizing the efficiency of electronic devices, as unwanted energy losses due to non-radiative processes can impact device performance.

Moreover, non-radiative transitions play a role in fluorescence quenching, where the emission of light is suppressed due to non-radiative decay processes. This phenomenon finds applications in sensors, imaging, and other technologies.

Similarities Between Radiative and Non-radiative Transition

• Both involve changes in energy states in particles typically electrons.
• They involve changes in the energy states of atoms or molecules.
• Both types of transitions can occur in various materials, including semiconductors, molecules, and atoms.

Difference Between Radiative and Non-radiative Transition

Definition

• Radiative transitions involve the emission or absorption of photons, releasing energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Meanwhile, non-radiative transitions release or absorb energy without the emission or absorption of photons, often involving interactions with other particles or lattice vibrations.

Timescale

• Radiative transitions typically occur on shorter timescales since the emission or absorption of photons is a rapid process, while non-radiative transitions often occur on longer timescales as they involve more complex interactions that may take time to occur.

Processes

• While radiative transitions involve the exchange of electromagnetic radiation between the system and its surroundings, non-radiative transitions involve processes such as phonon interactions, collisions, or electron interactions within the system, without the emission of photons.

FAQ: Radiative and Non-radiative Transition

What are the different types of radiative transitions?

• Three types of radiative transitions in semiconductors are stimulated absorption, stimulated emission and spontaneous emission.

Name an example of a non-radiative recombination.

• An example of non-radiative recombination is when an excited electron in a semiconductor loses its energy through interactions with lattice vibrations (phonons) instead of emitting a photon.

What are radiative and nonradiative transitions in semiconductors?

• Radiative transitions in semiconductors involve the emission or absorption of photons as electrons move between energy levels within the semiconductor’s band structure. Non-radiative transitions, on the other hand, occur without the emission or absorption of photons, often involving energy dissipation through mechanisms such as defects, phonons, or surface interactions.

Conclusion

Radiative transition involves the emission or absorption of photons, typically in the form of light, during the transition of an electron between energy levels. Meanwhile, non-radiative transitions do not involve the emission or absorption of photons. Thus, this is the main difference between radiative transition and non-radiative transition.

Reference:

1. “Radiative Transition – An Overview.” Science Direct.

2. “Non-radiative Transition – An Overview.” Science Direct.

Image Courtesy:

1. “Two level system” By Philipposc – Own work (CC BY-SA 3.0) via Commons Wikimedia

2. “Jablonski Diagram of Fluorescence Only-en” By Д.Ильин: vectorization – File:Jablonski Diagram of Fluorescence Only.png by Jacobkhed (CC0) via Commons Wikimedia

 

From <https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-radiative-and-non-radiative-transition/>

IELTS Preparation Tips- Top Class, The End

 Assalamu alaikum.

I want to share my IELTS journey with you all so it might help someone out there.

Two years ago, I sat my exam for the very first time. At that time I had no idea about ielts and started from the beginning.

I practiced it from Cambridge books and asad yaqub videos mainly. I guess I studied for about 15 days or so. I took my test via British council and got 7.5 overall with listening 8.5, reading 7, writing 6.5 and speaking 7.

As it expires after 2 years, I took my exam for the 2nd time a day ago. This time I was well aware of what was coming. I prepared again for i think 6 or 7 days roughly and focused over my writing this time. I got to know about more stuff on YouTube etc.

This time I took it by idp and got 7.5 overall again with listening 8, reading 8, writing 7.5 and speaking 6.5.

I was ig expecting more in speaking as well but idk maybe i have made any mistake i still didn't recognize exactly. But it's okay.

ALHAMDULILLAH.

So after my detailed experience, there are steps which I consider might help anyone who is preparing for the IELTS.

1) Get familiar with the format, number of questions and parts of a module.

For this I'd recommend attending a master class of ielts by idp and it's free. Or it was free 2 years ago. I am not sure about now. Go check it. They have this study expo thing and offer ielts master class n you'll know about format n stuff and that's for beginners.

https://ielts.idp.com/pakistan/prepare/masterclass

2) If you are just starting, I'd suggest starting with listening first.

For it, first listen to any practice video of asad yaqub. One in which he is solving the listening test completely with audios. It'll help you understand how to approach the test.

Here's the link for the sample video.

https://youtu.be/5xcfr6INlVo?feature=shared

After getting the idea, practice complete tests from ielts Cambridge books and check answers and keep records of your scores n bands. You can get these books and tests online. There are ig 19 books so far. I'd suggest practicing 11-19 or choosing the latest ones.

Each book has 4 complete tests with all modules, you have to do listening only.

Don't need to buy books. You can use the following search keywords.

"IELTS academic listening test 4 book 19".

Here's the link of one of the tests from the book for your reference.

https://engnovate.com/.../cambridge-ielts-19-academic.../

When you see yourself getting consistent with scores or bands, then move on with other modules and keep it with them by daily practicing at least one or two tests.

If you're facing issues with scores, then I'd suggest you to follow the idea shared in this following video link.

https://youtu.be/DSA9G8vaXY0?feature=shared

3) After listening, get on with reading. Again start with a asad yaqub video of a complete practice test solving. You may need to watch a few of them to get hold of the process.

When you get familiar, start practicing the test from ielts books like listening and with a timer. Reading has 1 hour for 3 passages. Set one hour time and then solve the test. Even if you are taking more than 1 hour at the start, it's okay. Finish the test and try to increase your pace with more and more practice.

Here are the links.

https://youtu.be/wFFK043nzpc?feature=shared

Book test link.

https://engnovate.com/.../cambridge-ielts-19-academic.../

Okay now let's assume you're getting consistent with your readings scores as well.

Always keep records of scores and bands on a separate paper as in your personal results sheet.

Now start focusing on writing. keep on practicing one listening and one reading test daily.

3) For writing, there are two tasks. Task 2 is more important and impacts the score majorly.

You need to write about 150 words for task 1 and 250 for task 2. And the word count isn't restricted, you'll know about it in the videos.

For task 1, I'd suggest again starting with asad yaqub to actually understand paragraphs and stuff and then listen to this one video. Link below. Remember, please listen in the suggested order if you are new to ielts. It'll help you understand the later video better, in my opinion.

I am not adding link for asad yaqub, you can now easily search on YouTube.

Above said video link.

https://youtu.be/AvV_PgjYlqU?feature=shared

For task 2, again start with asad yaqub to know types of essays and the basic structure. Once you're done practicing and understanding his method. Listen to this below mentioned E2 ielts video for sentence types and seriously apply it.

https://youtu.be/Zx-JcXsbUqQ?feature=shared

When you feel your grip on all of the above mentioned stuff then I'll suggest the following video as it'll help you to get better in your writing. But i think you must know something before jumping straight into that video.

https://youtu.be/yle3Wytf_LE?feature=shared

You can check your ielts writing evaluations online. Many AI essay checkers or chat gpt will help but keep in mind that these will give you less score. I was getting 6 or 6.5 every time even if I tried to follow improvement rules and got 7.5 in the exam.

One more tip is to read band 8+ essays when you are done with the understanding part. It'll help you and even give you some good phrases for certain situations but please do not memorize any of the complete essays or stuff like that.

4) speaking. I shouldn't suggest much about it as my own bands are not very high in it. But still suggesting .

You'll get a lot of practice questions. Task 1 questions are mostly repetitive so take practice questions seriously. Talk with someone.

For task 2, practice exactly like an exam. Notes for 1 min and speak for 2 mins.

Watch band 9 videos of speaking on YouTube daily and practice with a speaking partner.

I hope this helps.

P.S, everything is from my experience and all are just recommendations if this helps anyone. Good luck to yall.

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HOW TO OVERCOME CORONA VIRUS.

Coronavirus is the disease which emerged in China and December 2019 its symptoms include fever ,muscle aches sore throat cough ,headache and pneumonia and it cause death.

According to World Health Organisation it is recommended that if a person feel sick he should arrest drink plenty of fluid and eat fruits orange is best fruit for the the increasing immunity in the human body system.

Self isolate itself if you have mild symptoms and contact your doctor or covid-19 information system. It is global issue all the world is facing this problem this is different disease from all the diseases face in the past decades.

It behave like other coronavirus is that it survives on the surfaces mostly docters and chemists suggest that Corona virus main live on surface for few hours for up to several days so people should care and clean their surfaces in their house rooms and other public places.

It seems to hear that some chemists and scientist suggest antibody is for the treatment of Corona virus but antibiotic not work against this viruses it is different type of wire is that spread quickly and affects the other living things and front of the the affected patient.

Coronavirus symptoms are usually mild and pick and gradually it is possible that some people become infected but do not develop any symptoms and don't feel sick they do not know no that it they are the patient of Corona virus but after sometime symptoms become clear and the person feel tired cough and muscle acchi.

As where is new there is no vaccine until 1 developed it can take 6 months to 18 month to develop vaccine for this pandemic disease covid-19 so the only treatment is the precautions which were provided by World Health Organisation to all the countries in the world.

Summer and cold weather cannot kill the new Corona there is no reason to believe that coronavirus will end automatically with high temperature and snow weather.

Some in misconception is seem to be know that babies cannot affected from chronic disease it is the disease which can affect every age person also in the children and young's and old agers.

Wash your hands properly till 20 seconds and keep social distancing do not shake hands.

May Allah protect us from this endemic disease.Ameen!

Beautiful Pakistan

Pakistan is a beautiful country in the world it has much importance as a religion as Islam and things so good and beautiful scenes all over the world.

It has old cultures and mostly the religion is Islam mostly are Muslims.

Pakistan has many visiting sites to attracts the visitors to come and visit Pakistan's mountain areas like Gilgit-Baltistan  Azad Kashmir.

According to Wajid Bhatti, the "Kovardo Cross" perhaps belongs to early Christians of the Parthian dynasty. He is of opinion that Nestorian settlements in Northern Areas used to live and worship cross like this.

However, famous GB historian, Abbas Kazmi is of the view that the marble rock carving and cutting were practiced by royal artisans of Great Raja, Ali Sher Khan Anchan in the middle ages.

The exploration team speculates that perhaps the cross may give some clue to the missing link, the transition between the decline of Buddhism and the emergence of Islam in Himalayan & Karakoram valleys.

Marri is the most important visiting side in Pakistan it is covered with the mountains and white ice covering the mountains increased it's beauty and attracts the people to visit this site especially in the summer season and all most over the year.

Pakistan has a great culture and a peaceful country the national language is Urdu and Hockey is a national game.

Recently Imran PM of Pakistan elected and his struggles are admirable. 

His struggles for totally to benefit Pakistan it will always write in the history of Pakistan that Imran Khan is the great leader in Pakistan yet.

I hope by reading this blog you will visit Pakistan and jobs to see the beautiful and attractive sites in Pakistan and enjoy yourself and beautiful memories to too remember.

Stay healthy stay safe.

 Keep distancing and always pray to get rid of this endemic disease COVID-19. Thanks!

In Urdu

پاکستان دنیا کا ایک خوبصورت ملک ہے جس کی حیثیت سے اسلام کی طرح ایک مذہب کی اتنی زیادہ اہمیت ہے اور پوری دنیا میں اس کے اچھے اور خوبصورت مناظر ہیں۔





اس کی پرانی ثقافتیں ہیں اور زیادہ تر مذہب اسلام ہی زیادہ تر مسلمان ہیں۔

گلگت بلتستان آزاد کشمیر جیسے پاکستان کے پہاڑی علاقوں میں آنے اور آنے جانے کیلئے راغب کرنے والوں کو راغب کرنے کے ل پاکستان کے پاس دیکھنے کے لئے بہت سارے مقامات ہیں۔

واجد بھٹی کے مطابق ، "کوورڈو کراس" کا تعلق شاید پرتھین خاندان کے ابتدائی عیسائیوں سے ہے۔ ان کا خیال ہے کہ شمالی علاقہ جات میں نیسٹورین بستیوں میں اسی طرح رہتے تھے اور پوجا پاٹ کرتے تھے۔
تاہم ، جی بی کے مشہور مورخ ، عباس کاظمی کا خیال ہے کہ سنگ مرمر کی چٹانوں کی کٹائی کا عمل درمیانی عمر کے بادشاہ علی شیر خان آنچن کے شاہی کاریگروں نے کیا تھا۔
ایکسپلوریشن ٹیم کا قیاس ہے کہ شاید اس پار سے گمشدہ روابط ، بدھ مت کے زوال اور ہمالیہ اور قراقرم وادیوں میں اسلام کے ظہور کے بیچ منتقلی کے بارے میں کچھ اشارہ مل سکتا ہے۔


ماری پاکستان کا سب سے اہم دور sideہ ہے جو پہاڑوں سے ڈھکی ہوئی ہے اور پہاڑوں کو ڈھکنے والی سفید برف نے اس کی خوبصورتی میں اضافہ کیا ہے اور خاص طور پر گرمی کے موسم میں اور سال بھر میں لوگوں کو اس سائٹ کا رخ کرنے کے لئے راغب کیا جاتا ہے۔



پاکستان میں ایک بہت بڑی ثقافت ہے اور ایک پرامن ملک قومی زبان اردو ہے اور ہاکی ایک قومی کھیل ہے۔

حال ہی میں پاکستان کے وزیر اعظم منتخب ہوئے اور ان کی جدوجہد قابل ستائش ہیں۔

پاکستان کے مکمل طور پر فائدہ اٹھانے کے لئے ان کی جدوجہد پاکستان کی تاریخ میں ہمیشہ لکھتی رہے گی کہ ابھی تک عمران خان پاکستان میں عظیم قائد ہیں۔

مجھے امید ہے کہ اس بلاگ کو پڑھ کر آپ پاکستان تشریف لائیں گے اور پاکستان میں خوبصورت اور پرکشش سائٹیں دیکھنے کے ل jobs ملازمتیں خود دیکھیں گے اور خوبصورت یادوں کو بھی یاد رکھیں گے۔



صحتمند رہیں۔

 فاصلہ رکھیں اور ہمیشہ اس بیماری سے بچنے کے لئے دعا کریں.